Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome

What is Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome?
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is a condition characterized by short stature, moderate to severe mental retardation, distinctive facial features, and broad thumbs and first toes. Additional features of the disorder can include eye abnormalities, heart and kidney defects, dental problems, and obesity. These signs and symptoms vary among affected individuals. People with this condition have an increased risk of developing noncancerous and cancerous tumors, including certain kinds of brain tumors. Cancer of blood-forming tissue (leukemia) also occurs more frequently in people with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

Rarely, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome can involve serious complications such as a failure to gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive) and life-threatening infections. Infants born with this severe form of the disorder usually survive only into early childhood.

How common is Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome?
This condition is uncommon; it occurs in an estimated 1 in 100,000 to 125,000 newborns.

What are the genetic changes related to Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome?
Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is related to chromosome 16.

Mutations in the CREBBP and EP300 genes cause Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

Mutations in the CREBBP gene are responsible for some cases of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. The CREBBP gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps control the activity of many other genes. This protein, called CREB binding protein, plays an important role in regulating cell growth and division and is essential for normal fetal development. If one copy of the CREBBP gene is deleted or mutated, cells make only half of the normal amount of CREB binding protein. Although a reduction in the amount of this protein disrupts normal development before and after birth, researchers have not determined how it leads to the specific signs and symptoms of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

Mutations in the EP300 gene cause a small percentage of cases of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. Like the CREBBP gene, this gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps control the activity of other genes. It also appears to be important for development before and after birth. EP300 mutations inactivate one copy of the gene in each cell, which interferes with normal development and causes the typical features of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. The signs and symptoms of this disorder in people with EP300 mutations are similar to those with mutations in the CREBBP gene; however, studies suggest that EP300 mutations may be associated with milder skeletal changes in the hands and feet.

A few cases of severe Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome have resulted from a deletion of genetic material from the short (p) arm of chromosome 16. Several genes, including the CREBBP gene, are missing as a result of this deletion. Researchers believe that the loss of multiple genes in this region probably accounts for the serious complications associated with severe Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.

About half of people with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome do not have an identified mutation in the CREBBP or EP300 gene or a deletion in chromosome 16. The cause of the condition is unknown in these cases. Researchers predict that mutations in other genes are also responsible for the disorder.

Read more about the CREBBP and EP300 genes and chromosome 16.

Can Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome be inherited?
This condition is considered to have an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. Most cases result from new mutations in the gene and occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family.

Where can I find information about treatment for Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome?
These resources address the management of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome and may include treatment providers.


 * Gene Review: Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome[[Image:offsiteico.gif|This link leads to a site outside Genetics Home Reference.]]
 * MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome[[Image:offsiteico.gif|This link leads to a site outside Genetics Home Reference.]]

You might also find information on treatment of Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome in Educational resources and Patient support.

Where can I find additional information about Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome?
You may find the following resources about Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome helpful. These materials are written for the general public.


 * MedlinePlus - Health information (3 links)
 * Educational resources - Information pages (6 links)
 * Patient support - For patients and families (3 links)

You may also be interested in these resources, which are designed for healthcare professionals and researchers.


 * Gene Reviews[[Image:offsiteico.gif|This link leads to a site outside Genetics Home Reference.]] - Clinical summary
 * Gene Tests[[Image:offsiteico.gif|This link leads to a site outside Genetics Home Reference.]] - DNA tests ordered by healthcare professionals
 * PubMed[[Image:offsiteico.gif|This link leads to a site outside Genetics Home Reference.]] - Recent literature
 * Online Books - Medical and science textsScriver's Online Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease (OMMBID):Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome[[Image:offsiteico.gif|This link leads to a site outside Genetics Home Reference.]]
 * OMIM[[Image:offsiteico.gif|This link leads to a site outside Genetics Home Reference.]] - Genetic disorder catalog

What other names do people use for Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome?

 * Broad Thumb-Hallux Syndrome
 * RSTS
 * RTS

See How are genetic conditions and genes named? in the Handbook.

What if I still have specific questions about Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome?

 * See How can I find a genetics professional in my area? in the Handbook.
 * Ask the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center[[Image:offsiteico.gif|This link leads to a site outside Genetics Home Reference.]].
 * Submit your question to Ask the Geneticist[[Image:offsiteico.gif|This link leads to a site outside Genetics Home Reference.]].

Where can I find general information about genetic conditions?
The Handbook provides basic information about genetics in clear language.


 * What does it mean if a disorder seems to run in my family?
 * What is a chromosome?
 * Can changes in the number of chromosomes affect health and development?
 * Are chromosomal disorders inherited?

These links provide additional genetics resources that may be useful.


 * Genetics and health
 * Resources for Patients and Families
 * Resources for Health Professionals

What glossary definitions help with understanding Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome?
autosomal ; autosomal dominant ; cancer ; cell ; chromosome ; complication ; contiguous ; contiguous genes ; contiguous gene syndrome ; deletion ; failure to thrive ; first toe ; gene ; hallux ; infection ; inheritance ; kidney ; leukemia ; mental retardation ; mutation ; new mutation ; pattern of inheritance ; protein ; sign ; stature ; symptom ; syndrome ; tissue ; tumor

You may find definitions for these and many other terms in the Genetics Home Reference Glossary.